Modelling and Dynamic Analysis of an Unbalanced and Cracked Cardan Shaft for Vehicle Propeller Shaft Systems

The vibrational behaviour of misaligned rotating machinery is described and analysed in this paper. model, constructed based on the equations vehicle dynamics, considered dynamic excitation a single Hooke’s joint. system adopted breathing functions from recent publication to approximate actual mechanism cracked driveshaft. study aimed understand transmission nonlinear signal unbalanced driveshaft an driven shaft via governing equation was established energy principle Lagrangian approach. instantaneous frequency (IF) identification extracted synchrosqueezing wavelet technique. To correlate results, transforms combined with classical waves techniques were experimentally used various scenarios for analysis Cardan system. variations response form rising trend higher harmonics rotational increased level sub-harmonic peaks both shafts presented as significant crack indicators. showed played crucial role mixed faults caused divergence vibration amplitudes rotor’s deflections. simulation test results demonstrated that damage features impacted transfer motion joint coupling principal source instability proposed model offers new perspectives monitoring enhancement cover complex systems.